直線導軌的介紹

　　Introduction to Linear Guides

　　直線導軌又稱滑軌、線性導軌、線性滑軌，用來支撐和引導運動部件按給定的方向做往復直線運動。

　　Linear guide rail, also known as slide rail, linear guide rail, or linear slide rail, is used to support and guide moving parts to perform reciprocating linear motion in a given direction.

　　在相同運動組件體積下，擁有比直線軸承更高的額定負載及運動精度，同時可以承擔一定的扭矩負載。

　　Under the same volume of motion components, it has a higher rated load and motion accuracy than linear bearings, and can also bear a certain amount of torque load.

　　直線導軌可用作水平空間的重載搬運、精確定位運動及豎直空間的精確導向運動，實現了在較小空間的可靠運動，在機床、電子電器、醫療、機器人行業都有較為廣泛的應用。

　　Linear guides can be used for heavy-duty handling in horizontal space, precise positioning motion, and precise guiding motion in vertical space, achieving reliable motion in smaller spaces. They have a wide range of applications in the machine tool, electronic and electrical, medical, and robotics industries.

　　直線導軌由滑軌、滑塊、滾珠、滾珠保持器、回珠槽等組裝而成，主要原理是通過回珠槽、滾珠保持器等結構使鋼球列作循環運動，從而實現滑塊在滑軌上的低摩擦直線運動。

　　A linear guide rail is assembled from a slide rail, slider, ball, ball retainer, ball return groove, etc. The main principle is to achieve low friction linear motion of the slider on the slide rail by circulating the steel ball column through the ball return groove, ball retainer, and other structures.

　　這樣的結構決定了直線導軌有以下幾個基本特點：

　　This structure determines that linear guides have the following basic characteristics:

　　特點1：由于是點面接觸，所以摩擦阻力很小，可以進行細微的運動，實現控制裝置等的高精度定位。

　　Feature 1: Due to the point surface contact, the frictional resistance is very small, allowing for subtle movements and achieving high-precision positioning of control devices.

　　特點2：因為滾珠有自身的滾動槽，轉動面的受力會被分散，因此有較大的容許載重。

　　Feature 2: Because the ball has its own rolling groove, the force on the rotating surface will be dispersed, resulting in a larger allowable load capacity.

　　特點3：直線導軌在運作時不易產生摩擦熱量，不易受熱變形，因此適用于做高速運動。

　　Feature 3: Linear guides are not prone to generating frictional heat during operation and are not easily deformed by heat, making them suitable for high-speed motion.

　　特點4：通常各滾珠列的接觸角為45°，使滑塊上的4個作用方向（徑向、反徑向和側向）均具有相同的額定載荷。

　　Feature 4: Typically, the contact angle of each ball column is 45 °, ensuring that all four directions of action on the slider (radial, anti radial, and lateral) have the same rated load.

　　二．直線導軌的分類

　　2、 Classification of Linear Guides

　　根據適用載荷的不同，主要可分為微型及中、重載型。

　　According to the different applicable loads, it can be mainly divided into micro, medium, and heavy-duty types.

　　直線導軌主要由滾珠傳遞載荷，所以微型及中、重載型的區別主要是滾珠的列數不同。

　　Linear guides mainly transmit loads through balls, so the difference between micro, medium, and heavy-duty types is mainly the number of rows of balls.

　　如圖5、6，微型直線導軌一般有2列鋼珠，與軌道面4點接觸，結構緊湊；中、重載型直線導軌一般有4列鋼珠，提高了承載能力。一般微型直線導軌的基本額定動載荷在10KN以內，中、重載型的基本額定動載荷可高達80KN。

　　As shown in Figures 5 and 6, micro linear guides generally have 2 rows of steel balls that make 4-point contact with the track surface, resulting in a compact structure; Medium and heavy-duty linear guides generally have 4 rows of steel balls, which improves the load-bearing capacity. The basic rated dynamic load of general micro linear guides is within 10KN, while the basic rated dynamic load of medium and heavy-duty types can reach up to 80KN.

　　直線導軌根據軌道寬度及滑塊寬度、長度不同，分類如下：

　　Linear guides are classified according to the width of the track and the width and length of the slider, as follows:

　　加寬導軌使用場合：

　　Application scenarios for widened guide rails:

　　標準導軌的總高和軌道寬度比約為1.1，而加寬軌道的高寬比約為0.65，加寬軌道比標準軌道，總高度下降40%，因此在高度方向有限制的場合，適合使用加寬軌道；相反，在寬度方向有限制的場合，請使用標準軌道。

　　The total height to track width ratio of a standard guide rail is about 1.1, while the height to width ratio of a widened track is about 0.65. The widened track has a 40% decrease in total height compared to a standard track, making it the most suitable for use in situations where there are height restrictions; On the contrary, in situations where there are restrictions in the width direction, please use standard tracks.

　　另一方面，加寬軌道高寬比降低，相比標準軌道，靜態容許力矩增強約1倍以上，剛性大幅提升，適合偏移的結構。

　　On the other hand, widening the track reduces the aspect ratio, and compared to standard tracks, the static allowable torque is increased by more than 1 times, resulting in a significant increase in rigidity, making it most suitable for structures with center of gravity offset.

　　加寬滑塊使用場合：

　　Application scenarios for widening sliders:

　　加寬滑塊和標準滑塊，在基本額定負載和靜態容許力矩方面大致一樣，沒有變化，但是加寬滑塊上固定螺栓比標準滑塊大，固定強度提高。

　　The widened slider and the standard slider are roughly the same in terms of basic rated load and static allowable torque, with no changes, but the fixed bolts on the widened slider are larger than those on the standard slider, resulting in improved fixing strength.

　　各種長度滑塊使用場合：

　　Application scenarios for sliders of various lengths:

　　選定軌道之后，用什么長度的滑塊，主要考慮方向是滑塊越長，基本額定負載和靜態容許力矩越大。

　　After selecting the track, the length of the slider to be used mainly depends on the direction where the longer the slider, the greater the basic rated load and static allowable torque.

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